Hard X-rays from Slow Flares

H. S. Hudson1 and D. E. McKenzie2

1SPRC/ISAS, 2Montana State University

"Slow LDEs" are those for which the rise phase is slow, as well as the decay phase. We confirm that such flares adhere to the Neupert effect, which implies that the level of non-thermal energy release has the same proportion to heating as in a normal impulsive flare. We identify a sample of 53 slow LDEs during the Yohkoh interval, and find 19 for which substantial overlap occurs with BATSE hard X-ray observations. As expected from the Neupert effect, these events tend to have extended hard X-ray emission. The hard X-ray fluences for these 19 events correlate with the soft X-ray peak fluxes, suggesting that particle acceleration tends to be independent of energy-release rate in the rise phase. We also find that these events often correspond to the occurrence of "supra-arcade downflows," a phenomenon consistent with the classical reconnection model for gradual-phase flare energy release.

What do these observations imply for large-scale reconnection models?